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This paper aims to design metaguide- or metasurface-based compact inexpensive beam-steering devices, which play an important role in modern cellular networks, radar imaging and satellite communication.

This paper uses finite element analysis to study, design and optimize arrays of resonating elements as beam steering devices. The first set of such devices involves metamaterial-based apertures fed by a waveguide, tunable via the permittivity of the host material. In the second approach, dynamic beam steering is effected by alternating between two or more waveguide feeds.

Particular examples show how the direction of the main lobe of the radiated beam can be reliably switched by approximately 30° in one of the quadrants by changing a single global control parameter within a very reasonable range.

The findings pave the way for the design and fabrication of inexpensive compact beam steering devices. This study anticipates that the proposed designs can be further improved and fine-tuned using “heavy duty” optimization packages.

In many published designs of similar beam-steering devices, the radiation pattern of an array of resonating elements is controlled by complex circuitry, so that each radiating element is tuned separately. In contrast with these existing approaches, the designs rely just on a simple global control parameter.

This study examines the impact of social media information sharing and usage on consumer beliefs particularly in the credibility of the information provided by e-commerce vendors, and consumer trust formation.

Drawing on trust through social media usage and surface credibility, the authors have proposed a research model to investigate consumers satisfaction on food and beverage (F&B) products. Empirical support for the research model was provided by using structural equation modelling using survey data drawn from Malaysian consumers with an account with Facebook.

Results indicate that consumer participation in social media communities support higher levels of consumer trust and ratings of the surface credibility of information provided by an F&B vendor, and surface credibility also helped to develop consumer trust. Trust in the vendor also exerted a positive influence on consumer satisfaction with F&B product offerings. Results suggest that F&B that provide credible and transparent information regarding their branded products, enjoy increased levels of consumer trust, leading to higher levels of consumer satisfaction with their F&B consumption experience.

The result of this research contributes to social commerce branch of literature and has practical implications for practitioners in the F&B industry as a means to survival strategies to embrace critical and challenging period during an endemic, particularly. As such, this study analyses the relationship between social media usage, surface credibility, trust and satisfaction for developing consumer trust while managing enterprise social media.